Kusukela ekuqaleni kwalolu bhubhane, ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga kubambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekulawuleni ukusabalala kwe-SARS-CoV-2, igciwane elidalaI-COVID 19.Ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen okusheshayoeyenziwa ekhaya noma esimweni somtholampilo hlinzeka ngemiphumela emizuzwini eyi-15 noma ngaphansi.Lapho umuntu esheshe waxilongwa, yilapho ekwazi khona ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha futhi azihlukanise nabanye.Kodwa lapho kuvela izinhlobo ezintsha zegciwane, lezo zinhlobonhlobo zingase zingatholwa yilokhu kuhlola.
Ukuhlolwa okuningi okusheshayo kwe-antigen yakhelwe ukuthola iphrotheni ye-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid noma i-N-protein.Le phrotheni itholakala ngobuningi ezinhlayiyeni ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nabantu abanaleli gciwane.Ikhithi yokuhlola esheshayos ngokuvamile aqukethe amasosha omzimba amabili ahlukene okuxilonga abophezela ezingxenyeni ezihlukene ze-N protein.Uma i-antibody ibophezela kuphrotheni ye-N kusampula, umugqa onemibala noma enye isignali ivela kukhithi yokuhlola, okubonisa ukutheleleka.
Iphrotheni N iqukethe amayunithi esakhiwo angama-amino acid angama-419.Noma iyiphi yazo ingathathelwa indawo enye i-amino acid ngokushintshashintsha.Iqembu locwaningo eliholwa nguPh.D.UPhilip Frank no-Eric Ortlund base-Emory University bazimisele ukuphenya ukuthi lolu shintsho olulodwa lwe-amino acid luthinta kanjani ukusebenza kokuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-antigen.Basebenzise indlela ebizwa nge-deep mutation scanning ukuze bahlole kanyekanye ukuthi ukuguqulwa ngakunye kuphrotheni ye-N yegciwane kuthinta kanjani ukubophezela ku-antibody exilongayo.Imiphumela yabo yashicilelwa kuseli ngoSepthemba 15, 2022.
Abacwaningi badale umtapo wolwazi ophelele cishe wokuguqulwa kwamaprotheni angu-8,000 N.Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zenza ngaphezu kwama-99.5% azo zonke izinguquko ezingaba khona.Babe sebehlola ukuthi ukwahluka ngakunye kusebenzisana kanjani namasosha omzimba okuxilonga ayi-17 asetshenziswa ezivivinyweni eziyi-11 ezitholakala ngokushesha ze-antigen, okuhlanganisa okuvamile.amakhithi asekhaya.
Ithimba lihlole ukuthi yikuphi ukuguqulwa kwe-N-protein okuthinta ukuqashelwa kwamasosha omzimba.Ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi, badale "iphrofayela ye-escape mutation" ye-antibody yokuxilonga ngayinye.Le phrofayela ikhomba ukuguqulwa okuthile kuphrotheni ye-N okungase kuthinte ikhono le-antibody ukubophezela kulokho okuhlosiwe.Ukuhlaziywa kubonise ukuthi amasosha omzimba asetshenziswa ezivivinyweni ezisheshayo zanamuhla abona futhi abophe zonke izinhlobo ezedlule nezamanje ze-SARS-CoV-2 zokukhathazeka nokukhathazeka.
Yize amasosha omzimba amaningana ebona isifunda esifanayo sephrotheni ye-N, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi i-antibody ngayinye inesiginesha ehlukile yokuguqulwa kokuphunyuka.Njengoba igciwane le-SARS-CoV-2 liqhubeka nokushintshashintsha futhi likhiqize okuhlukile okusha, le datha ingasetshenziswa ukumaka amasosha omzimba ekhithi yokuhlola angase adinge ukuphinde ahlolwe.
"Ukuhlonzwa okunembile nangempumelelo kwabantu abangenwe yileli gciwane kuseyisu elibalulekile lokunciphisa i-COVID-19, futhi ucwaningo lwethu luhlinzeka ngemininingwane mayelana noshintsho oluzayo lwe-SARS-CoV-2 olungaphazamisa ukutholwa," kusho u-Ortlund."Imiphumela echazwe lapha isivumela ukuthi sizivumelanise ngokushesha naleli gciwane njengoba izinhlobo ezintsha ziqhubeka nokuvela, ezethula imiphumela esheshayo emtholampilo nezempilo yomphakathi."
Isendlalelo: I-Mutation Deep Scan ithola izinguquko zokuphunyuka ku-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid kusetshenziswa izivivinyo ze-antigen ezisheshayo ezitholakalayo njengamanje.Frank F., Kin MM, Rao A., Bassit L., Liu H, Bowers HB, Patel AB, Kato ML, Sullivan JA, Greenleaf M., Piantadosi A., Lam VA, Hudson VH, Ortlund EA cell.2022 Septhemba 15;185(19):3603-3616.e13.Umnyango Wezangaphakathi: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.08.010.Agasti 29, 2022 PMID: 36084631.
Uxhaso: I-National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering NIH (NIBIB), National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) kanye ne-National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), American Heart Association.
I-NIH Research Matters isibuyekezo samasonto onke semiphumela yocwaningo lwe-NIH ebalulekile ebuyekezwa ochwepheshe be-NIH.Ishicilelwe yiHhovisi Lezokuxhumana Nezindaba Zomphakathi loMqondisi Wezikhungo Zikazwelonke Zezempilo.